dwl/dwl.c

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/*
* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
*/
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200112L
#include <getopt.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <linux/input-event-codes.h>
#include <wayland-server-core.h>
#include <wlr/backend.h>
#include <wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_cursor.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_compositor.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_data_device.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_input_device.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_keyboard.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_matrix.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_output.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layout.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_pointer.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_seat.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell.h>
#include <wlr/util/log.h>
#include <xkbcommon/xkbcommon.h>
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#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~WLR_MODIFIER_CAPS)
#define LENGTH(X) (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
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/* enums */
enum { CurNormal, CurMove, CurResize }; /* cursor */
struct dwl_output {
struct wl_list link;
struct wlr_output *wlr_output;
struct wl_listener frame;
};
struct dwl_view {
struct wl_list link;
struct wlr_xdg_surface *xdg_surface;
struct wl_listener map;
struct wl_listener unmap;
struct wl_listener destroy;
struct wl_listener request_move;
struct wl_listener request_resize;
bool mapped;
int x, y;
};
struct dwl_keyboard {
struct wl_list link;
struct wlr_input_device *device;
struct wl_listener modifiers;
struct wl_listener key;
};
typedef union {
int i;
unsigned int ui;
float f;
const void *v;
} Arg;
typedef struct {
uint32_t mod;
xkb_keysym_t keysym;
void (*func)(const Arg *);
const Arg arg;
} Key;
typedef struct {
unsigned int mod;
unsigned int button;
void (*func)(const Arg *);
const Arg arg;
} Button;
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/* function declarations */
static void axisnotify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void buttonpress(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void createkeyboard(struct wlr_input_device *device);
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static void createnotify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void createoutput(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void createpointer(struct wlr_input_device *device);
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static void cursorframe(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void destroynotify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void focus(struct dwl_view *view, struct wlr_surface *surface);
static void focusnext(const Arg *arg);
static void handlemove(uint32_t time);
static void handleresize(uint32_t time);
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static void inputdevice(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static bool keybinding(uint32_t mods, xkb_keysym_t sym);
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static void keypress(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void keypressmod(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void maprequest(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void motionabsolute(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void motionnotify(uint32_t time);
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static void motionrelative(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
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static void moverequest(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
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static void moveresize(struct dwl_view *view, unsigned int mode,
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uint32_t edges);
static void quit(const Arg *arg);
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static void render(struct wlr_surface *surface, int sx, int sy, void *data);
static void renderoutput(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
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static void resizerequest(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void setcursor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
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static void unmapnotify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
static bool xytosurface(struct dwl_view *view, double lx, double ly,
struct wlr_surface **surface, double *sx, double *sy);
static struct dwl_view * xytoview(double lx, double ly,
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struct wlr_surface **surface, double *sx, double *sy);
/* variables */
static struct wl_display *wl_display;
static struct wlr_backend *backend;
static struct wlr_renderer *renderer;
static struct wlr_xdg_shell *xdg_shell;
static struct wl_listener new_xdg_surface;
static struct wl_list views;
static struct wlr_cursor *cursor;
static struct wlr_xcursor_manager *cursor_mgr;
static struct wl_listener cursor_motion;
static struct wl_listener cursor_motion_absolute;
static struct wl_listener cursor_button;
static struct wl_listener cursor_axis;
static struct wl_listener cursor_frame;
static struct wlr_seat *seat;
static struct wl_listener new_input;
static struct wl_listener request_cursor;
static struct wl_list keyboards;
static unsigned int cursor_mode;
static struct dwl_view *grabbed_view;
static double grab_x, grab_y;
static int grab_width, grab_height;
static uint32_t resize_edges;
static struct wlr_output_layout *output_layout;
static struct wl_list outputs;
static struct wl_listener new_output;
#include "config.h"
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/* Used to move all of the data necessary to render a surface from the top-level
* frame handler to the per-surface render function. */
struct render_data {
struct wlr_output *output;
struct dwl_view *view;
struct timespec *when;
};
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void
axisnotify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
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/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits an axis event,
* for example when you move the scroll wheel. */
struct wlr_event_pointer_axis *event = data;
/* Notify the client with pointer focus of the axis event. */
wlr_seat_pointer_notify_axis(seat,
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event->time_msec, event->orientation, event->delta,
event->delta_discrete, event->source);
}
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void
buttonpress(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
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/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits a button
* event. */
struct wlr_event_pointer_button *event = data;
/* Notify the client with pointer focus that a button press has occurred */
wlr_seat_pointer_notify_button(seat,
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event->time_msec, event->button, event->state);
double sx, sy;
struct wlr_surface *surface;
struct dwl_view *view = xytoview(cursor->x, cursor->y,
&surface, &sx, &sy);
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if (event->state == WLR_BUTTON_RELEASED) {
/* If you released any buttons, we exit interactive move/resize mode. */
cursor_mode = CurNormal;
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} else {
/* Focus that client if the button was _pressed_ */
focus(view, surface);
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struct wlr_keyboard *keyboard = wlr_seat_get_keyboard(seat);
uint32_t mods = wlr_keyboard_get_modifiers(keyboard);
for (int i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++) {
if (event->button == buttons[i].button &&
CLEANMASK(mods) == CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mod) &&
buttons[i].func) {
buttons[i].func(&buttons[i].arg);
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}
}
}
}
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void
createkeyboard(struct wlr_input_device *device)
{
struct dwl_keyboard *keyboard =
calloc(1, sizeof(struct dwl_keyboard));
keyboard->device = device;
/* We need to prepare an XKB keymap and assign it to the keyboard. This
* assumes the defaults (e.g. layout = "us"). */
struct xkb_context *context = xkb_context_new(XKB_CONTEXT_NO_FLAGS);
struct xkb_keymap *keymap = xkb_map_new_from_names(context, &xkb_rules,
XKB_KEYMAP_COMPILE_NO_FLAGS);
wlr_keyboard_set_keymap(device->keyboard, keymap);
xkb_keymap_unref(keymap);
xkb_context_unref(context);
wlr_keyboard_set_repeat_info(device->keyboard, 25, 600);
/* Here we set up listeners for keyboard events. */
keyboard->modifiers.notify = keypressmod;
wl_signal_add(&device->keyboard->events.modifiers, &keyboard->modifiers);
keyboard->key.notify = keypress;
wl_signal_add(&device->keyboard->events.key, &keyboard->key);
wlr_seat_set_keyboard(seat, device);
/* And add the keyboard to our list of keyboards */
wl_list_insert(&keyboards, &keyboard->link);
}
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void
createnotify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is raised when wlr_xdg_shell receives a new xdg surface from a
* client, either a toplevel (application window) or popup. */
struct wlr_xdg_surface *xdg_surface = data;
if (xdg_surface->role != WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL) {
return;
}
/* Allocate a dwl_view for this surface */
struct dwl_view *view =
calloc(1, sizeof(struct dwl_view));
view->xdg_surface = xdg_surface;
/* Listen to the various events it can emit */
view->map.notify = maprequest;
wl_signal_add(&xdg_surface->events.map, &view->map);
view->unmap.notify = unmapnotify;
wl_signal_add(&xdg_surface->events.unmap, &view->unmap);
view->destroy.notify = destroynotify;
wl_signal_add(&xdg_surface->events.destroy, &view->destroy);
/* cotd */
struct wlr_xdg_toplevel *toplevel = xdg_surface->toplevel;
view->request_move.notify = moverequest;
wl_signal_add(&toplevel->events.request_move, &view->request_move);
view->request_resize.notify = resizerequest;
wl_signal_add(&toplevel->events.request_resize, &view->request_resize);
/* Add it to the list of views. */
wl_list_insert(&views, &view->link);
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}
void
createoutput(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is rasied by the backend when a new output (aka a display or
* monitor) becomes available. */
struct wlr_output *wlr_output = data;
/* Some backends don't have modes. DRM+KMS does, and we need to set a mode
* before we can use the output. The mode is a tuple of (width, height,
* refresh rate), and each monitor supports only a specific set of modes. We
* just pick the monitor's preferred mode, a more sophisticated compositor
* would let the user configure it. */
if (!wl_list_empty(&wlr_output->modes)) {
struct wlr_output_mode *mode = wlr_output_preferred_mode(wlr_output);
wlr_output_set_mode(wlr_output, mode);
wlr_output_enable(wlr_output, true);
if (!wlr_output_commit(wlr_output)) {
return;
}
}
/* Allocates and configures our state for this output */
struct dwl_output *output =
calloc(1, sizeof(struct dwl_output));
output->wlr_output = wlr_output;
/* Sets up a listener for the frame notify event. */
output->frame.notify = renderoutput;
wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.frame, &output->frame);
wl_list_insert(&outputs, &output->link);
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/* Adds this to the output layout. The add_auto function arranges outputs
* from left-to-right in the order they appear. A more sophisticated
* compositor would let the user configure the arrangement of outputs in the
* layout. */
wlr_output_layout_add_auto(output_layout, wlr_output);
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/* Creating the global adds a wl_output global to the display, which Wayland
* clients can see to find out information about the output (such as
* DPI, scale factor, manufacturer, etc). */
wlr_output_create_global(wlr_output);
}
void
createpointer(struct wlr_input_device *device)
{
/* We don't do anything special with pointers. All of our pointer handling
* is proxied through wlr_cursor. On another compositor, you might take this
* opportunity to do libinput configuration on the device to set
* acceleration, etc. */
wlr_cursor_attach_input_device(cursor, device);
}
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void
cursorframe(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
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/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits an frame
* event. Frame events are sent after regular pointer events to group
* multiple events together. For instance, two axis events may happen at the
* same time, in which case a frame event won't be sent in between. */
/* Notify the client with pointer focus of the frame event. */
wlr_seat_pointer_notify_frame(seat);
}
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void
destroynotify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
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/* Called when the surface is destroyed and should never be shown again. */
struct dwl_view *view = wl_container_of(listener, view, destroy);
wl_list_remove(&view->link);
free(view);
}
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void
focus(struct dwl_view *view, struct wlr_surface *surface)
{
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/* Note: this function only deals with keyboard focus. */
if (view == NULL) {
return;
}
struct wlr_surface *prev_surface = seat->keyboard_state.focused_surface;
if (prev_surface == surface) {
/* Don't re-focus an already focused surface. */
return;
}
if (prev_surface) {
/*
* Deactivate the previously focused surface. This lets the client know
* it no longer has focus and the client will repaint accordingly, e.g.
* stop displaying a caret.
*/
struct wlr_xdg_surface *previous = wlr_xdg_surface_from_wlr_surface(
seat->keyboard_state.focused_surface);
wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_activated(previous, false);
}
struct wlr_keyboard *keyboard = wlr_seat_get_keyboard(seat);
/* Move the view to the front */
wl_list_remove(&view->link);
wl_list_insert(&views, &view->link);
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/* Activate the new surface */
wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_activated(view->xdg_surface, true);
/*
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* Tell the seat to have the keyboard enter this surface. wlroots will keep
* track of this and automatically send key events to the appropriate
* clients without additional work on your part.
*/
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wlr_seat_keyboard_notify_enter(seat, view->xdg_surface->surface,
keyboard->keycodes, keyboard->num_keycodes, &keyboard->modifiers);
}
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void
focusnext(const Arg *arg)
{
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/* Cycle to the next view */
if (wl_list_length(&views) < 2) {
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return;
}
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struct dwl_view *current_view = wl_container_of(
views.next, current_view, link);
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struct dwl_view *next_view = wl_container_of(
current_view->link.next, next_view, link);
focus(next_view, next_view->xdg_surface->surface);
/* Move the previous view to the end of the list */
wl_list_remove(&current_view->link);
wl_list_insert(views.prev, &current_view->link);
}
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void
handlemove(uint32_t time)
{
/* Move the grabbed view to the new position. */
grabbed_view->x = cursor->x - grab_x;
grabbed_view->y = cursor->y - grab_y;
}
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void
handleresize(uint32_t time)
{
/*
* Resizing the grabbed view can be a little bit complicated, because we
* could be resizing from any corner or edge. This not only resizes the view
* on one or two axes, but can also move the view if you resize from the top
* or left edges (or top-left corner).
*
* Note that I took some shortcuts here. In a more fleshed-out compositor,
* you'd wait for the client to prepare a buffer at the new size, then
* commit any movement that was prepared.
*/
struct dwl_view *view = grabbed_view;
double dx = cursor->x - grab_x;
double dy = cursor->y - grab_y;
double x = view->x;
double y = view->y;
int width = grab_width;
int height = grab_height;
if (resize_edges & WLR_EDGE_TOP) {
y = grab_y + dy;
height -= dy;
if (height < 1) {
y += height;
}
} else if (resize_edges & WLR_EDGE_BOTTOM) {
height += dy;
}
if (resize_edges & WLR_EDGE_LEFT) {
x = grab_x + dx;
width -= dx;
if (width < 1) {
x += width;
}
} else if (resize_edges & WLR_EDGE_RIGHT) {
width += dx;
}
view->x = x;
view->y = y;
wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_size(view->xdg_surface, width, height);
}
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void
inputdevice(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is raised by the backend when a new input device becomes
* available. */
struct wlr_input_device *device = data;
switch (device->type) {
case WLR_INPUT_DEVICE_KEYBOARD:
createkeyboard(device);
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break;
case WLR_INPUT_DEVICE_POINTER:
createpointer(device);
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break;
default:
break;
}
/* We need to let the wlr_seat know what our capabilities are, which is
* communiciated to the client. In dwl we always have a cursor, even if
* there are no pointer devices, so we always include that capability. */
uint32_t caps = WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER;
if (!wl_list_empty(&keyboards)) {
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caps |= WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD;
}
wlr_seat_set_capabilities(seat, caps);
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}
bool
keybinding(uint32_t mods, xkb_keysym_t sym)
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{
/*
* Here we handle compositor keybindings. This is when the compositor is
* processing keys, rather than passing them on to the client for its own
* processing.
*/
bool handled = false;
for (int i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
if (sym == keys[i].keysym &&
CLEANMASK(mods) == CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) &&
keys[i].func) {
keys[i].func(&keys[i].arg);
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handled = true;
}
}
return handled;
}
void
keypress(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is raised when a key is pressed or released. */
struct dwl_keyboard *keyboard =
wl_container_of(listener, keyboard, key);
struct wlr_event_keyboard_key *event = data;
/* Translate libinput keycode -> xkbcommon */
uint32_t keycode = event->keycode + 8;
/* Get a list of keysyms based on the keymap for this keyboard */
const xkb_keysym_t *syms;
int nsyms = xkb_state_key_get_syms(
keyboard->device->keyboard->xkb_state, keycode, &syms);
bool handled = false;
uint32_t mods = wlr_keyboard_get_modifiers(keyboard->device->keyboard);
if (event->state == WLR_KEY_PRESSED) {
/* On _press_, attempt to process a compositor keybinding. */
for (int i = 0; i < nsyms; i++) {
handled = keybinding(mods, syms[i]) || handled;
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}
}
if (!handled) {
/* Otherwise, we pass it along to the client. */
wlr_seat_set_keyboard(seat, keyboard->device);
wlr_seat_keyboard_notify_key(seat, event->time_msec,
event->keycode, event->state);
}
}
void
keypressmod(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is raised when a modifier key, such as shift or alt, is
* pressed. We simply communicate this to the client. */
struct dwl_keyboard *keyboard =
wl_container_of(listener, keyboard, modifiers);
/*
* A seat can only have one keyboard, but this is a limitation of the
* Wayland protocol - not wlroots. We assign all connected keyboards to the
* same seat. You can swap out the underlying wlr_keyboard like this and
* wlr_seat handles this transparently.
*/
wlr_seat_set_keyboard(seat, keyboard->device);
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/* Send modifiers to the client. */
wlr_seat_keyboard_notify_modifiers(seat,
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&keyboard->device->keyboard->modifiers);
}
void
maprequest(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* Called when the surface is mapped, or ready to display on-screen. */
struct dwl_view *view = wl_container_of(listener, view, map);
view->mapped = true;
focus(view, view->xdg_surface->surface);
}
void
motionabsolute(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits an _absolute_
* motion event, from 0..1 on each axis. This happens, for example, when
* wlroots is running under a Wayland window rather than KMS+DRM, and you
* move the mouse over the window. You could enter the window from any edge,
* so we have to warp the mouse there. There is also some hardware which
* emits these events. */
struct wlr_event_pointer_motion_absolute *event = data;
wlr_cursor_warp_absolute(cursor, event->device, event->x, event->y);
motionnotify(event->time_msec);
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}
void
motionnotify(uint32_t time)
{
/* If the mode is non-passthrough, delegate to those functions. */
if (cursor_mode == CurMove) {
handlemove(time);
return;
} else if (cursor_mode == CurResize) {
handleresize(time);
return;
}
/* Otherwise, find the view under the pointer and send the event along. */
double sx, sy;
struct wlr_surface *surface = NULL;
struct dwl_view *view = xytoview(cursor->x, cursor->y,
&surface, &sx, &sy);
if (!view) {
/* If there's no view under the cursor, set the cursor image to a
* default. This is what makes the cursor image appear when you move it
* around the screen, not over any views. */
wlr_xcursor_manager_set_cursor_image(
cursor_mgr, "left_ptr", cursor);
}
if (surface) {
bool focus_changed = seat->pointer_state.focused_surface != surface;
/*
* "Enter" the surface if necessary. This lets the client know that the
* cursor has entered one of its surfaces.
*
* Note that this gives the surface "pointer focus", which is distinct
* from keyboard focus. You get pointer focus by moving the pointer over
* a window.
*/
wlr_seat_pointer_notify_enter(seat, surface, sx, sy);
if (!focus_changed) {
/* The enter event contains coordinates, so we only need to notify
* on motion if the focus did not change. */
wlr_seat_pointer_notify_motion(seat, time, sx, sy);
}
} else {
/* Clear pointer focus so future button events and such are not sent to
* the last client to have the cursor over it. */
wlr_seat_pointer_clear_focus(seat);
}
}
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void
motionrelative(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits a _relative_
* pointer motion event (i.e. a delta) */
struct wlr_event_pointer_motion *event = data;
/* The cursor doesn't move unless we tell it to. The cursor automatically
* handles constraining the motion to the output layout, as well as any
* special configuration applied for the specific input device which
* generated the event. You can pass NULL for the device if you want to move
* the cursor around without any input. */
wlr_cursor_move(cursor, event->device,
event->delta_x, event->delta_y);
motionnotify(event->time_msec);
}
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void
movemouse(const Arg *arg)
{
double sx, sy;
struct wlr_surface *surface;
struct dwl_view *view = xytoview(cursor->x, cursor->y,
&surface, &sx, &sy);
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if (!view) {
return;
}
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moveresize(view, CurMove, 0);
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}
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void
moverequest(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is raised when a client would like to begin an interactive
* move, typically because the user clicked on their client-side
* decorations. Note that a more sophisticated compositor should check the
* provied serial against a list of button press serials sent to this
* client, to prevent the client from requesting this whenever they want. */
struct dwl_view *view = wl_container_of(listener, view, request_move);
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moveresize(view, CurMove, 0);
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}
void
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moveresize(struct dwl_view *view, unsigned int mode, uint32_t edges)
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{
/* This function sets up an interactive move or resize operation, where the
* compositor stops propagating pointer events to clients and instead
* consumes them itself, to move or resize windows. */
struct wlr_surface *focused_surface =
seat->pointer_state.focused_surface;
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if (view->xdg_surface->surface != focused_surface) {
/* Deny move/resize requests from unfocused clients. */
return;
}
grabbed_view = view;
cursor_mode = mode;
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struct wlr_box geo_box;
wlr_xdg_surface_get_geometry(view->xdg_surface, &geo_box);
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if (mode == CurMove) {
grab_x = cursor->x - view->x;
grab_y = cursor->y - view->y;
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} else {
grab_x = cursor->x + geo_box.x;
grab_y = cursor->y + geo_box.y;
}
grab_width = geo_box.width;
grab_height = geo_box.height;
resize_edges = edges;
}
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void
quit(const Arg *arg)
{
wl_display_terminate(wl_display);
}
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void
render(struct wlr_surface *surface, int sx, int sy, void *data)
{
/* This function is called for every surface that needs to be rendered. */
struct render_data *rdata = data;
struct dwl_view *view = rdata->view;
struct wlr_output *output = rdata->output;
/* We first obtain a wlr_texture, which is a GPU resource. wlroots
* automatically handles negotiating these with the client. The underlying
* resource could be an opaque handle passed from the client, or the client
* could have sent a pixel buffer which we copied to the GPU, or a few other
* means. You don't have to worry about this, wlroots takes care of it. */
struct wlr_texture *texture = wlr_surface_get_texture(surface);
if (texture == NULL) {
return;
}
/* The view has a position in layout coordinates. If you have two displays,
* one next to the other, both 1080p, a view on the rightmost display might
* have layout coordinates of 2000,100. We need to translate that to
* output-local coordinates, or (2000 - 1920). */
double ox = 0, oy = 0;
wlr_output_layout_output_coords(
output_layout, output, &ox, &oy);
ox += view->x + sx, oy += view->y + sy;
/* We also have to apply the scale factor for HiDPI outputs. This is only
* part of the puzzle, dwl does not fully support HiDPI. */
struct wlr_box box = {
.x = ox * output->scale,
.y = oy * output->scale,
.width = surface->current.width * output->scale,
.height = surface->current.height * output->scale,
};
/*
* Those familiar with OpenGL are also familiar with the role of matricies
* in graphics programming. We need to prepare a matrix to render the view
* with. wlr_matrix_project_box is a helper which takes a box with a desired
* x, y coordinates, width and height, and an output geometry, then
* prepares an orthographic projection and multiplies the necessary
* transforms to produce a model-view-projection matrix.
*
* Naturally you can do this any way you like, for example to make a 3D
* compositor.
*/
float matrix[9];
enum wl_output_transform transform =
wlr_output_transform_invert(surface->current.transform);
wlr_matrix_project_box(matrix, &box, transform, 0,
output->transform_matrix);
/* This takes our matrix, the texture, and an alpha, and performs the actual
* rendering on the GPU. */
wlr_render_texture_with_matrix(renderer, texture, matrix, 1);
/* This lets the client know that we've displayed that frame and it can
* prepare another one now if it likes. */
wlr_surface_send_frame_done(surface, rdata->when);
}
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void
renderoutput(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This function is called every time an output is ready to display a frame,
* generally at the output's refresh rate (e.g. 60Hz). */
struct dwl_output *output =
wl_container_of(listener, output, frame);
struct timespec now;
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
/* wlr_output_attach_render makes the OpenGL context current. */
if (!wlr_output_attach_render(output->wlr_output, NULL)) {
return;
}
/* The "effective" resolution can change if you rotate your outputs. */
int width, height;
wlr_output_effective_resolution(output->wlr_output, &width, &height);
/* Begin the renderer (calls glViewport and some other GL sanity checks) */
wlr_renderer_begin(renderer, width, height);
float color[4] = {0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 1.0};
wlr_renderer_clear(renderer, color);
/* Each subsequent window we render is rendered on top of the last. Because
* our view list is ordered front-to-back, we iterate over it backwards. */
struct dwl_view *view;
wl_list_for_each_reverse(view, &views, link) {
if (!view->mapped) {
/* An unmapped view should not be rendered. */
continue;
}
struct render_data rdata = {
.output = output->wlr_output,
.view = view,
.when = &now,
};
/* This calls our render function for each surface among the
* xdg_surface's toplevel and popups. */
wlr_xdg_surface_for_each_surface(view->xdg_surface,
render, &rdata);
}
/* Hardware cursors are rendered by the GPU on a separate plane, and can be
* moved around without re-rendering what's beneath them - which is more
* efficient. However, not all hardware supports hardware cursors. For this
* reason, wlroots provides a software fallback, which we ask it to render
* here. wlr_cursor handles configuring hardware vs software cursors for you,
* and this function is a no-op when hardware cursors are in use. */
wlr_output_render_software_cursors(output->wlr_output, NULL);
/* Conclude rendering and swap the buffers, showing the final frame
* on-screen. */
wlr_renderer_end(renderer);
wlr_output_commit(output->wlr_output);
}
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void
resizemouse(const Arg *arg)
{
double sx, sy;
struct wlr_surface *surface;
struct dwl_view *view = xytoview(cursor->x, cursor->y,
&surface, &sx, &sy);
if (!view) {
return;
}
struct wlr_box geo_box;
wlr_xdg_surface_get_geometry(view->xdg_surface, &geo_box);
wlr_cursor_warp_closest(cursor, NULL,
view->x + geo_box.x + geo_box.width,
view->y + geo_box.y + geo_box.height);
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moveresize(view, CurResize, WLR_EDGE_BOTTOM|WLR_EDGE_RIGHT);
}
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void
resizerequest(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* This event is raised when a client would like to begin an interactive
* resize, typically because the user clicked on their client-side
* decorations. Note that a more sophisticated compositor should check the
* provied serial against a list of button press serials sent to this
* client, to prevent the client from requesting this whenever they want. */
struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_resize_event *event = data;
struct dwl_view *view = wl_container_of(listener, view, request_resize);
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moveresize(view, CurResize, event->edges);
}
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void
setcursor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
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/* This event is rasied by the seat when a client provides a cursor image */
struct wlr_seat_pointer_request_set_cursor_event *event = data;
struct wlr_seat_client *focused_client =
seat->pointer_state.focused_client;
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/* This can be sent by any client, so we check to make sure this one is
* actually has pointer focus first. */
if (focused_client == event->seat_client) {
/* Once we've vetted the client, we can tell the cursor to use the
* provided surface as the cursor image. It will set the hardware cursor
* on the output that it's currently on and continue to do so as the
* cursor moves between outputs. */
wlr_cursor_set_surface(cursor, event->surface,
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event->hotspot_x, event->hotspot_y);
}
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}
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void
spawn(const Arg *arg)
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{
if (fork() == 0) {
setsid();
execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
fprintf(stderr, "dwl: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
perror(" failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
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void
unmapnotify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
{
/* Called when the surface is unmapped, and should no longer be shown. */
struct dwl_view *view = wl_container_of(listener, view, unmap);
view->mapped = false;
}
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bool
xytosurface(struct dwl_view *view, double lx, double ly,
struct wlr_surface **surface, double *sx, double *sy)
{
/*
* XDG toplevels may have nested surfaces, such as popup windows for context
* menus or tooltips. This function tests if any of those are underneath the
* coordinates lx and ly (in output Layout Coordinates). If so, it sets the
* surface pointer to that wlr_surface and the sx and sy coordinates to the
* coordinates relative to that surface's top-left corner.
*/
double view_sx = lx - view->x;
double view_sy = ly - view->y;
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struct wlr_surface_state *state = &view->xdg_surface->surface->current;
double _sx, _sy;
struct wlr_surface *_surface = NULL;
_surface = wlr_xdg_surface_surface_at(
view->xdg_surface, view_sx, view_sy, &_sx, &_sy);
if (_surface != NULL) {
*sx = _sx;
*sy = _sy;
*surface = _surface;
return true;
}
return false;
}
struct dwl_view *
xytoview(double lx, double ly,
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struct wlr_surface **surface, double *sx, double *sy)
{
/* This iterates over all of our surfaces and attempts to find one under the
* cursor. This relies on views being ordered from top-to-bottom. */
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struct dwl_view *view;
wl_list_for_each(view, &views, link) {
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if (xytosurface(view, lx, ly, surface, sx, sy)) {
return view;
}
}
return NULL;
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
wlr_log_init(WLR_DEBUG, NULL);
char *startup_cmd = NULL;
pid_t startup_pid = -1;
int c;
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "s:h")) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case 's':
startup_cmd = optarg;
break;
default:
printf("Usage: %s [-s startup command]\n", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
}
if (optind < argc) {
printf("Usage: %s [-s startup command]\n", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
/* The Wayland display is managed by libwayland. It handles accepting
* clients from the Unix socket, manging Wayland globals, and so on. */
wl_display = wl_display_create();
/* The backend is a wlroots feature which abstracts the underlying input and
* output hardware. The autocreate option will choose the most suitable
* backend based on the current environment, such as opening an X11 window
* if an X11 server is running. The NULL argument here optionally allows you
* to pass in a custom renderer if wlr_renderer doesn't meet your needs. The
* backend uses the renderer, for example, to fall back to software cursors
* if the backend does not support hardware cursors (some older GPUs
* don't). */
backend = wlr_backend_autocreate(wl_display, NULL);
/* If we don't provide a renderer, autocreate makes a GLES2 renderer for us.
* The renderer is responsible for defining the various pixel formats it
* supports for shared memory, this configures that for clients. */
renderer = wlr_backend_get_renderer(backend);
wlr_renderer_init_wl_display(renderer, wl_display);
/* This creates some hands-off wlroots interfaces. The compositor is
* necessary for clients to allocate surfaces and the data device manager
* handles the clipboard. Each of these wlroots interfaces has room for you
* to dig your fingers in and play with their behavior if you want. */
wlr_compositor_create(wl_display, renderer);
wlr_data_device_manager_create(wl_display);
/* Creates an output layout, which a wlroots utility for working with an
* arrangement of screens in a physical layout. */
output_layout = wlr_output_layout_create();
/* Configure a listener to be notified when new outputs are available on the
* backend. */
wl_list_init(&outputs);
new_output.notify = createoutput;
wl_signal_add(&backend->events.new_output, &new_output);
/* Set up our list of views and the xdg-shell. The xdg-shell is a Wayland
* protocol which is used for application windows. For more detail on
* shells, refer to my article:
*
* https://drewdevault.com/2018/07/29/Wayland-shells.html
*/
wl_list_init(&views);
xdg_shell = wlr_xdg_shell_create(wl_display);
new_xdg_surface.notify = createnotify;
wl_signal_add(&xdg_shell->events.new_surface,
&new_xdg_surface);
/*
* Creates a cursor, which is a wlroots utility for tracking the cursor
* image shown on screen.
*/
cursor = wlr_cursor_create();
wlr_cursor_attach_output_layout(cursor, output_layout);
/* Creates an xcursor manager, another wlroots utility which loads up
* Xcursor themes to source cursor images from and makes sure that cursor
* images are available at all scale factors on the screen (necessary for
* HiDPI support). We add a cursor theme at scale factor 1 to begin with. */
cursor_mgr = wlr_xcursor_manager_create(NULL, 24);
wlr_xcursor_manager_load(cursor_mgr, 1);
/*
* wlr_cursor *only* displays an image on screen. It does not move around
* when the pointer moves. However, we can attach input devices to it, and
* it will generate aggregate events for all of them. In these events, we
* can choose how we want to process them, forwarding them to clients and
* moving the cursor around. More detail on this process is described in my
* input handling blog post:
*
* https://drewdevault.com/2018/07/17/Input-handling-in-wlroots.html
*
* And more comments are sprinkled throughout the notify functions above.
*/
cursor_motion.notify = motionrelative;
wl_signal_add(&cursor->events.motion, &cursor_motion);
cursor_motion_absolute.notify = motionabsolute;
wl_signal_add(&cursor->events.motion_absolute,
&cursor_motion_absolute);
cursor_button.notify = buttonpress;
wl_signal_add(&cursor->events.button, &cursor_button);
cursor_axis.notify = axisnotify;
wl_signal_add(&cursor->events.axis, &cursor_axis);
cursor_frame.notify = cursorframe;
wl_signal_add(&cursor->events.frame, &cursor_frame);
/*
* Configures a seat, which is a single "seat" at which a user sits and
* operates the computer. This conceptually includes up to one keyboard,
* pointer, touch, and drawing tablet device. We also rig up a listener to
* let us know when new input devices are available on the backend.
*/
wl_list_init(&keyboards);
new_input.notify = inputdevice;
wl_signal_add(&backend->events.new_input, &new_input);
seat = wlr_seat_create(wl_display, "seat0");
request_cursor.notify = setcursor;
wl_signal_add(&seat->events.request_set_cursor,
&request_cursor);
/* Add a Unix socket to the Wayland display. */
const char *socket = wl_display_add_socket_auto(wl_display);
if (!socket) {
wlr_backend_destroy(backend);
return 1;
}
/* Start the backend. This will enumerate outputs and inputs, become the DRM
* master, etc */
if (!wlr_backend_start(backend)) {
wlr_backend_destroy(backend);
wl_display_destroy(wl_display);
return 1;
}
/* Set the WAYLAND_DISPLAY environment variable to our socket and run the
* startup command if requested. */
setenv("WAYLAND_DISPLAY", socket, true);
if (startup_cmd) {
startup_pid = fork();
if (startup_pid < 0) {
perror("startup: fork");
wl_display_destroy(wl_display);
return 1;
}
if (startup_pid == 0) {
execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", "-c", startup_cmd, (void *)NULL);
perror("startup: execl");
wl_display_destroy(wl_display);
return 1;
}
}
/* Run the Wayland event loop. This does not return until you exit the
* compositor. Starting the backend rigged up all of the necessary event
* loop configuration to listen to libinput events, DRM events, generate
* frame events at the refresh rate, and so on. */
wlr_log(WLR_INFO, "Running Wayland compositor on WAYLAND_DISPLAY=%s",
socket);
wl_display_run(wl_display);
if (startup_cmd) {
kill(startup_pid, SIGTERM);
waitpid(startup_pid, NULL, 0);
}
/* Once wl_display_run returns, we shut down the server. */
wl_display_destroy_clients(wl_display);
wl_display_destroy(wl_display);
return 0;
}